Among humans, destiny is often described as good destiny and bad destiny, even though their perspectives are not all correct, because something that is right or true is judged from the perspective of the Quran and Hadith.
But what needs to be noted is that the results of bad destiny are sometimes bad on one side, but contain goodness on the other side. Allah Ta'ala says;
Corruption has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have done, so that Allah may make them taste some of their deeds, so that they may return (to the right path)? (QS. Ar-Rum: 41)
The damage that occurs eventually gives rise to good. Therefore, the bad that occurs in destiny is not the real bad, because sometimes it will give rise to the final result of good.
1. Be Enthusiastic, Don't Just Rely on Fate
Some people have a wrong assumption in understanding destiny. They just surrender to destiny without making any effort at all. Truly, this is a clear mistake. Doesn't Allah also command us to take a cause and forbid us from being lazy? If we have taken a cause and get a result that we don't want, then we should not be sad and despair because everything is already the decree of Allah. Therefore, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said.
"Be enthusiastic about things that benefit you. Ask for help from Allah, do not be weak. If a disaster befalls you, then do not say: "If only I had done so and so". But you should say: "This has become the destiny of Allah. Whatever He has willed will surely happen.? Because the word law (if only) can open the door of Satan"
2. Important Benefits
True belief in destiny will produce important things, including the following:
Only rely on Allah when doing various causes, and do not rely on the cause itself. Because everything depends on Allah's destiny.
A person is not arrogant towards himself when his goal is achieved, because the success he gets is a blessing from Allah, in the form of causes of goodness and success that have indeed been destined by Allah. Admiration towards himself will forget himself to be grateful for the blessing.
The emergence of peace in the heart towards Allah's destiny that befalls him, so that he does not grieve over the loss of something he loves or when he gets something he hates. Because all of that happens by Allah's decree. Allah says.
"No calamity befalls on earth or in yourselves but that it is written in the Book (Lauhul Mahfuzh) before We create it. Indeed, that is easy for Allah. (We explain it) so that you may not grieve over what has escaped you, and so that you may not exult over what He has given you..." (QS. Al Hadid: 22-23)
Various Fates
Dear readers, we need to know that there are several types of destiny:
a. Takdir Azali
That is, Allah's decree before the creation of the heavens and the earth when Allah Ta'ala created the pen. Allah says,
Say: "Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us. He is our Protector, and upon Allah alone should the believers put their trust." (Surah At-Taubah: 51)
b. Complete Kitaabah
Namely the recording of the agreement when humans are asked by Allah: "Am I not your Lord?" Allah Ta'ala said,
And (remember) when your Lord brought forth from the children of Adam from their loins their offspring and He took their souls to bear witness (saying): “Am I not your Lord?” They said: “Truly (You are our Lord), we bear witness.” (We did so) lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: “Indeed, we (the children of Adam) were heedless of this (the Oneness of God).” Or lest you should say: “Indeed, our fathers associated partners with God before, and we are the descendants of those who came after them. Will You then destroy us for the deeds of those who went astray before? (QS. Al A'raaf 172-173).
c. Fate 'Life'
Namely, Allah's decree when creating the nutfah in the womb, has determined its gender, its death, its deeds, its joys and sorrows, and its sustenance. Everything has been determined, it will not increase and will not decrease. Allah Ta'ala says,
O mankind, if you are in doubt about the resurrection (from the grave), then (know) that We created you from dust, then from a drop of semen, then from a clot of blood, then from a lump of flesh, complete and incomplete, that We may make clear to you and We establish in the wombs what We will for an appointed term, then We bring you out as infants, then (gradually) you reach maturity, and among you are those who die, and among you are those who are prolonged until old age, so that they know nothing of what they knew before. And you see the earth dead, then when We send down water upon it, it comes to life and flourishes and brings forth beautiful plants.? (QS. Al Hajj: 5)
d. Takdir Hauli
Namely, the destiny that Allah decrees on the night of Laylatul Qadr, Allah decrees everything that happens in a year. Allah says,
Haa miim. By the Book (Al Qur?an) that makes clear, We have indeed sent it down on a blessed night and We are indeed the warner. In that night are explained all matters of wisdom, (that is) a great matter from Us. Indeed, We are the One who sends the messengers? (QS. Ad Dukhaan:1-5)
e.Taker Yaumi
Namely the determination of the occurrence of destiny at a time that has been predetermined. Allah says, All that is in the heavens and the earth always asks Him. Every time He is busy. (QS. Ar Rahmaan: 29)
Ibn Jarir narrated from Munib bin Abdullah bin Munib Al Azdiy from his father who said, the Messenger of Allah recited the words of Allah, Every time He is busy?, so we asked: O Messenger of Allah, what busyness is meant?. The Messenger of Allah said:? Allah forgives sins, removes hardships, and raises the voice and lowers the voice of others?
Destiny in Islam
The faith of a true believer must include six pillars. The last is to believe in Allah's destiny, both good and bad destiny.
Misunderstanding faith in destiny can have fatal consequences, causing one's faith to be invalidated. There are several issues that every Muslim must understand regarding this matter of destiny. Hopefully this brief explanation can help us to understand the true faith in Allah's destiny. Wallahul musta'an.
1. Between Qadho' and Qadar
In the discussion of destiny, we often hear the terms qodho' and qodar. Two terms that are similar but not the same. Having the same meaning if mentioned either one, but having a different meaning when mentioned together. If mentioned qodho' alone then it includes the meaning of qodar, and vice versa.
However, if mentioned together, then qodho' means something that Allah has determined for His creatures, whether in the form of creation, elimination, or change to something, while qodar means something that Allah has determined since the beginning of time. Thus qodar existed first, then followed by qodho'.
2. Four Principles of Belief in Destiny
Readers who may be blessed by Allah. We need to know that belief in destiny must include four principles. These four principles must be believed by every Muslim.
First: Believing that Allah Almighty knows with His eternal and eternal knowledge everything that happens, whether small or big, obvious or hidden, whether it is the actions of Allah or the actions of His creatures. Everything happens within the knowledge of Allah Almighty.
Second: Believing that Allah Ta'ala has written in the Lauhul Mahfudz the record of the destiny of everything until the Day of Resurrection. Nothing has happened or will happen except that it has been recorded.
The evidence for the two principles above is found in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. In the Qur'an, Allah the Almighty says,
Do you not know that Allah knows all that is in the heavens and the earth? That is in a Book (Lawh Mahfuzh). Indeed, that is easy for Allah” (QS. Al Hajj: 70).
And with Allah are the keys of the unseen; none knows them but He, and He knows what is on land and in the sea, and not a leaf falls but He knows it, and not a grain falls in the darkness of the earth, and there is nothing wet or dry but it is written in a clear book (Al-Lauh Mahfudz)? (QS. Al-An'am: 59)
Third: Believing that the will of Allah encompasses everything, both that which happens and that which does not happen, both big and small matters, both visible and hidden, both that which occurs in the sky and on earth. Everything happens by the will of Allah Ta'ala, both the actions of Allah Himself and the actions of His creatures.
Fourth: Belief in the creation of Allah. Allah Almighty created everything, both big and small, visible and hidden. Allah's creation includes everything from the parts of creatures along with their attributes. The words and actions of creatures are also included in Allah's creation.
The evidence for the two principles above is the word of Allah Ta'ala,
Allah created everything and He preserves everything. To Him belong the keys (treasures) of the heavens and the earth. And those who disbelieve in the verses of Allah, it is they who are the losers. (QS. Az-Zumar 62-63)
Whereas Allah is the One who created you and what are you doing? (QS. As-Safat:96).
3. Between the Will of the Creature and His Will
Having true faith in destiny does not mean eliminating the will and ability of humans to act. This is because the evidence of the sharia and the existing reality show that humans still have the will to do something. The evidence of the sharia, Allah Ta'ala has said about the will of creatures,
"That is a Day that is certain to come. So whoever wills, he will take a path back to his Lord." (QS. An Nabaa':39)
As for the ability of Allah's creatures to explain
"So fear Allah as much as you can, and listen and obey, and spend for yourselves what is good. And whoever is protected from his own stinginess, then those are the successful." (QS. At Taghobun: 16).