In Chapter 4, students are expected to be able to appreciate and create musical art, namely:
- Loving the diversity of cultural heritage, especially regional songs and music,
- Carrying out associations of musical instruments from regions in Indonesia, with the style and hospitality of each ethnic group,
- Playing ensemble music of regional songs in Indonesia, and
- Playing melodic musical instruments of regional songs according to the style and content of the song.
When we sing a song, it requires accompanying music, whether it is done using musical instruments or other media. Ensemble music is a collection of simple musical instrument games. Each musical instrument requires a different playing technique. Observe some of the musical instrument gambirs below.
Some examples of ensemble musical instruments
After you observe the picture of the regional musical instrument above, answer the following questions:
- Have you ever played a musical instrument?
- Where do you usually play musical instruments?
- What musical instrument do you play?
You can observe regional musical instruments from other sources such as the internet, watching performances via VCD, and other learning sources. You can observe regional musical instruments that are developing in your area, but you can also observe songs from other areas.
Discussion Sheet Format
After you have filled in the column about regional musical instruments, then discuss it with your friends and fill in the column below.
Discussion Format for Observation Results of Regional Musical Instruments
- Member's name :
- Musical instruments observed:
- Observation day/date:
A. Ensemble Music
Musical instruments in ensemble music can be divided into three groups according to their function, as follows.
1. Rhythmic Musical Instrument Group
This tool functions to provide rhythm. Examples: triangle, drum and, ketipung.
2. Melodic Musical Instrument Group
Melodic musical instruments are musical instruments that function to carry the melody of a song. Therefore, this musical instrument has tones so that it can produce a series of tones. Examples: rebab and mandolin.
3. Harmonious Musical Instrument Group
Harmonic musical instruments are musical instruments that function as accompaniment and can produce a combination of notes at once. Examples: sampek and sasando.
B. Indonesian Music
Indonesian music is very diverse, there is traditional music and modern music, including dangdut and keroncong. Each region also has musical instruments with their own characteristics that are spread from Aceh to Papua. Angklung has been recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage.
1. Angklung
Angklung is a musical instrument from West Java and Banten, initially angklung was a musical instrument used for sounds related to rice harvests and other ceremonies also related to rice. Mr. Daeng Sutisna, a teacher from Kuningan, West Java, since 1938 developed angklung as music in schools by creating diatonic scales, (Oby AR Wiramiharja 2010), like the notes on modern musical instruments such as piano, guitar, and other musical instruments. Now the angklung musical instrument has spread widely abroad. Thanks to Mr. Daeng's services, angklung musical instruments are divided into melody carrier angklung and accompanying angklung. Melody angklung consists of two bamboo tubes, while accompanying angklung consists of three or four bamboo tubes. Angklung consisting of three bamboo tubes is a tritone form, for example C minor, G, D dim, while the four are for four tones, for example G7, C7.
Parrot song
2. Bamboo Flute
Bamboo flute musical instruments also developed like angklung. In South Sulawesi, namely in Toraja and in North Sulawesi, bamboo flutes have been used as ensemble music, as well as in East Nusa Tenggara. Flute musical instruments are divided into melody carrier flutes and accompanying flutes. The accompanying flute functions as a chord and bass. The chord of the flute consists of three flutes, for example for a C major chord, it means that flute one sounds the note c, flute two sounds the note e, and the other sounds the note g.
3. Sasando
The sasando musical instrument comes from Rotedau Regency in East Nusa Tenggara, which is hard to find. Rote woven clothing and Tiilangga, a typical Rote hat, can still be found.
Sasando music has now been modified so that it can be used to accompany people singing. Mr. Jer. A. P who lives in Kupang, precisely in Liliba, the road to Timor Leste, modified the sasando so that it became an electric sasando. Without palm leaves, the sound of this musical instrument can be heard clearly. The sasando musical instrument has a tone range from the major G note to the e3 note. In addition, it can be used in 2 basic major notes, namely the basic C note and the basic G note. Sasando is a chordophone musical instrument, namely a musical instrument with a string sound source. How to play sasando music is plucked by the left hand playing the chord, the right hand playing the melody. The tone sequence for the left hand in the basic tone C = do is do, so, so, fa, fi, la, ti, do, re, mi, fa, fi. For the melody played by the right hand, the notes are so, la, ti, do, re, mi, fa, so, la, mi, re, do, ti, la, so, fa, mi.
4. Calung
Many people equate Calung with Angklung, because they look almost the same. Although almost the same, the way to play the musical instrument is very different. Angklung to make the sound come out just by shaking it, while calung must be done by hitting bamboo sticks.
5. The Choir
Kolintang musical instrument is a native musical instrument of the Minahasa region of North Sulawesi. The name kolintang according to the Minahasa people comes from its sound, tong (low tone), ting (high tone) and tang (normal tone). In the local language it means, an invitation "Let's do Tong Ting Tang" or Mangemo kumolintang. The invitation eventually changed into the word kolintang so that it is easy to pronounce by the people.
C. Playing Melodic Musical Instruments
Indonesia has a variety of melodic musical instruments, which are played using percussion, wind, or plucking techniques. You have been given an explanation of these musical instruments. This time we will practice playing the recorder.
After reading the concept of vocal techniques in singing, answer the questions below:
- Explain the relationship between the human sound source and the sound source on musical instruments, the techniques used, and the sound quality when singing.
- Describe the uniqueness of the musical instruments you observe in your area.
- What do you think about people who don't care about their nation's arts and culture?
- How do we convey the understanding that art and culture are priceless treasures?
Recorder Playing Techniques
Well, in this lesson, we will learn to play the recorder. The recorder is a musical instrument that is not native to our nation, the sound produced is not good, especially if the recorder is blown hard and irregularly. The sound is deafening. The ears can be damaged, however, this instrument is practical and has a standard tone, so it is often used in schools for ensemble music practice. So that the sound of the recorder sounds round, then when blowing together like saying thu/tu and tho/to. You can see the fingering system in the following recorder manual.
Source Recorder manual book Figure 4.7 Recorder playing technique
The notes b, a, and g are the first notes to be learned. They are played in order. The left thumb covers the back hole (0). Fingers 1, 2, and 3 cover and open the first three upper tone holes. The right thumb supports the recorder. The remaining fingers of the right hand are about half an inch above the lower tone holes.
- b = thumb + finger 1
- a = thumb + finger 1, 2
- g = thumb + fingers 1, 2, 3
Feel your fingers covering the tone holes. Be relaxed, don't be tense. Do the exercise over and over again.
D. Competency Test
Knowledge
- Explain what is meant by ensemble music?
- Explain 3 types of ensemble music that you know?
Skills
Make ensemble music as a group from one of the songs you know.
E. Summary
Each musical instrument has its own characteristics and character in playing. Some are blown, plucked, hit. Playing sasando by plucking, angklung by shaking so that the angklung parts will hit each other and produce sound. The technique of playing wind instruments is related to breathing. Wind instrument recorders certainly require good breathing and fingering skills.
Reading notation is a skill that needs to be continuously developed. Because it is considered important, many traditional music games are now written using notation.
F. Reflection
Expertise in a particular field requires tenacity and a sense of responsibility. Never giving up is one of the keys to achieving skill in playing musical instruments.
What do you think about achieving your goals or expertise in a particular field?
Next, do a self-assessment by putting a check mark (?) in column 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to your opinion.
Communicating Activities
- Write about an ensemble performance performed by another group.
- The maximum writing is 50 words and is based on the results of ensemble observations carried out by one of the groups.
- The writing provides constructive criticism so that you and your friends know your weaknesses and shortcomings so that you can perform the ensemble better.
Source
Arts and Culture / Ministry of Education and Culture. Revised Edition. Jakarta. Ministry of Education and Culture, 2014. viii pp., 132 pp.; illus. 17.6 x 25 cm