About Transmission Line (ATL)

Substance

  1. Transmission Channel
  2. Transmission Line Equivalent Circuit
  3. Line Impedance (Zo) / characteristic impedance (Zo)
  4. Frequency (HF = RF = Radio Frequency)
  5. There are 2 types of transmission channels
  6. SWR (Standing Wave Ratio)
  7. SWR is divided by 3
  8. DW DISTRIBUTION CABLE (DROP WIRE)
  9. Vertical Terminal Block Function

1. Transmission Channel

Examples: connecting cables/wires, etc.

Function: to transfer energy from one point to another.

Transmission Line Equivalent Circuit

Consist of :

  • resistor (R)
  • capacitor (C)
  • indicator (L)
  • conductance (G)


Transmission Line Equivalent Circuit

Line Impedance (Zo) / characteristic impedance (Zo)

Measured at each point with the same distance:

Frequency (HF = RF = Radio Frequency)

Frequency Level Ladder :

  1. EHF (Extremely High Frequency)
  2. SHF (Super High Frequency)
  3. UHF (Ultra High Frequency)
  4. VHF (Very High Frequency)
  5. HF (High Frequency)
  6. MF (Medium Frequency)
  7. LF (Low Frequency)
  8. VHF (Very Low Frequency)
  9. EHF (Extremely Low Frequency)

There are 2 types of transmission channels:

  • Balanced Channel (parallel): twin lead channel and open wire channel
  • Coaxial (coax) channel.


International System of Units Ladder

Physical Example of Transmission Channel


Twin Lead


Open Wire


Coaxial

L&C Value for Transmission Line

Information :

? = permeability of the material
? = ?o   ?r
?o = absolute permeability
?o = 4? 
  10-7 H/m
? = permittivity of the material
? = ?o * ?r
? = 8.85 - 10-12 F/m

SWR (Standing Wave Ratio)

Standing wave comparison

SWR is divided into 3:

  • Voltage = NSWR : Vmax / Vmin (taken from RMS value)
  • Current = ISWR : Imax / Imin
  • Impedance = RSWR : Zl / Zo

Zl : load impedance
Zo : characteristic impedance

So, SWR = Vmax/Vmin = Imax/Imin = Zl/Zo

DW (Drop Wire) Distribution Cable


Drop Wire Illustration

Information:

RPU Functions:

  • For the primary cable connection from the central
  • Test site to localize the disturbance.
  • The RPU is located adjacent to the telephone exchange in the MPF room.

Vertical Terminal Block Function

This circuit is installed on the RPU on the customer side where the primary cable is, the capacity of the vertical terminal block is:

  • Terminal block with a capacity of 25 pairs of cable cores
  • Terminal block with a capacity of 50 pairs of cable veins
  • Terminal block with a capacity of 100 pairs of cable veins.

By using jumper wire, the vertical terminal block is connected to the horizontal terminal block. The horizontal terminal block is all cables coming from the central terminated on the horizontal terminal block which has 100 pairs of cable veins and is installed in the RPU.


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