A. Types of Data According to How to Obtain Them
Data Primer
taken directly from the research object, is data that comes from the original source, the first source. Method: interview with respondents, via telephone, email, questionnaire.
Data Seconds
collected by other parties, libraries, companies, organizations, central statistics bureaus, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), research data.
B. Data Types Based on Data Sources
Data internal
describes the situation and conditions in an organization internally, financial data, employee data, production data
External Data
describes the situation and conditions that exist outside the organization, the amount of use of a product by consumers, the level of customer preference, population distribution, competitors.
C. Data Classification Based on Data Type
Quantitative data
data presented in the form of figures for the number of buyers during the Eid al-Fitr holiday, the height of IT students
Qualitative data
data presented in the form of words that contain meaning. For example: Consumer perceptions of bottled drinking water. Experts' opinions on natural disasters that occur in Indonesia.
D. Division of Data Types Based on Data Nature
Discrete data
data whose value is a natural number, currency value, height, weight of an object
Continuous data
data whose value is in a certain interval or is at one value to another value using the words around, more or less, approximately, and so on. The regional agricultural service imports raw materials for fertilizer factories of approximately 850 tons.
E. Types of Data According to Collection Time
Data cross-section
data showing a certain point in time financial report as of December 31, 2006, customer data of PT. PLN in April 2006.
Periodic data
data that describes something over time or a period historically. time series data on the development of the rupiah exchange rate against the US Dollar from 2005 to 2006.
Method of collecting data
A. Observation Method
Superiority
- Nonverbal behavior
- Observing people's opinions on a problem
- The observed behavior is completely natural.
Weaknesses
- Lack of control
- Only a few foreign variables can be known by researchers. In fact, these variables may have more influence on the data being studied.
- Difficult to quantify: usually based only on the qualitative perception of the researcher and not on quantities as researchers do in experimental and survey studies.
- The researcher gave a score to the opinions given.
- Small sample size: Usually observational studies use small sample sizes.
B. Questionnaire Interview
List of questions and interview guide, telephone, tape recorder, e-mail
C. Questionnaire
A list of questions asked to a respondent to find answers to the problems being studied. The weakness of using a questionnaire is the limited information obtained regarding personal cases.
D. Ethnographers
An approach that focuses on the culture of a group of people.
Data Tabulation
The collected data is then classified and organized systematically and processed logically according to the established research design.
Instrument
At this stage, a researcher must identify what tools are appropriate to collect data that is in accordance with the objectives of his research. The research methodology can be interpreted as a study or understanding of how to think and how to implement the results of thinking according to scientific steps.