Substance
- Understanding LCD
- Liquid Crystal Shape and Structure
- Liquid Crystal Structure Arrangement
- Properties of Liquid Crystals
- General Panel Working
- Polarizer
- Backlight
- Fluorescent Lights
- Displaying images on the LCD Panel
- Technique for applying voltage to the Panel
- Advantages of LCD TV
- Basic Theory of LCD PANEL
- Basic Block Diagram of LCD TV
1. Understanding LCD
- (L) Liquid: is a substance/substance that is in liquid form
- (C) Crystal: can be considered as a substance/material in solid form, crystal quartz (Quartz Crystal)
- (D) Display/ Appearance
Liquid Crystal is a substance/substance that has properties between liquid and solid, but tends to have properties like liquid. It is also very sensitive to air temperature and electric fields.
2. Form and Structure of Liquid Crystal
Normally, the direction/position of Liquid Crystal is irregular and forms inconsistent directions.
Irregular Liquid Crystal Molecules (Microscope view)
3. Liquid Crystal Structure Arrangement
In order for this LC to be utilized, a Plate (Layer) is required to arrange/align the position of the molecules of the Liquid Crystal, which is called the Alignment Layer Substrate.
4. Properties of Liquid Crystals
One of the properties of Liquid Crystal is that it can be affected by electric current. Thus, giving electric current to the LC will cause changes in the position of its molecules by several degrees depending on the size of the current given.
Of the several types of Liquid Crystal, one of them is Twisted Nematic (TN) which naturally has a twisted LC structure.
5. General Panel Working
6. Polarizer
A polarizer is a layer that functions to oppose light in one direction only.
7. Backlight
Backlight is a very important part because LCD cannot radiate its own light.
Backlight consists of:
- A Fluorescent Lamp: Produces light
- Diffuser: Improves the direction of light distribution from the lamp.
- Two Prism Sheets: Provides correct light direction
- Reflector: Reflector of light
- Reflector Sheet: Light reflecting sheet
8. Fluorescent Lamps
Physically, fluorescent light producers are often long glass tubes that produce white light. Inside the glass tube is low-pressure mercury vapor.
When ionized, the mercury vapor will emit ultraviolet light. Because the inside of the fluorescent tube is coated with phosphor, the ultraviolet light energy will be emitted in the form of visible light. So, the light we see from the fluorescent tube is the light given off by the phosphor layer on the inside of the glass tube.
Example of comparison of sizes of fluorescent lamps
9. Displaying images on the LCD Panel
This is done simply by applying voltage in a matrix to the pins of each corresponding pixel.
Actual
[
- Pin a, b = Gate Terminal
- Pin 1, 2, 3 = Data Terminal
- Pins a, b only function as on/off
- -> Consists only of Level 1 and 0 (On/Off)
- Pins 1, 2, 3 function to regulate the color levels that will appear.
- -> The number of colors that can be displayed depends on the bit depth used.
10. Techniques for Applying Voltage to Panels
In case of Black and White Panel using 3 bit Level.
#of Color = Jumlah maksimal warna yang dapat tampil pada Panel
### Contoh:
Jika menggunakan teknologi 12 bit maka jumlah warna yang bisa tampil pada panel adalah:
68.719.476.736 = 68,7 Milyar warna.
11. Advantages of LCD TV
- High Sharpness and Resolution
- Thin and Light
- Low Power Consumption
- Real HDTV
- Long Life/Long Lasting
12. Basic Theory of LCD PANEL
A). Lamp (light source)
B). TFT controls LCD Array (LCD arrangement)
C). LCD Array can control the amount of light (Like Lens/Camera Iris)
D). Color Filter Produces RGB colors
13. Basic Block Diagram of LCD TV
